Historical and Modern Psychological Perspectives Essay
At A Glance
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- Psychology is a science that generates testable predictions called hypotheses and relies on evidence-based theories to explain findings.
- People are easily swayed by vivid examples and patterns, but are less skilled at determining whether those anecdotes and apparent trends reflect common experiences.
- Pop psychology and pseudoscience have penetrated modern culture but often misrepresent psychological knowledge and can be harmful.
- Psychology emerged from the study of biology and philosophy. Structuralism focused on using introspection to reveal the structure of the mind. Functionalism explored the purpose of consciousness and mental processes.
- Psychoanalytic theorists highlighted the importance of early childhood events in shaping personality and considered unconscious desires critical influences on behavior.
- Behavioral psychologists argued that psychology should focus on observable behavior rather than on thoughts and feelings. Their research focused on ways in which learning shapes behavior.
- Humanistic psychologists found Freudian and behavioral approaches limiting. Rather than focusing on how past events shaped people, they emphasized the potential for growth and change.Historical and Modern Psychological Perspectives Essay
- Cognitive psychologists focus on mental processes and use scientific methods to examine how thoughts, feelings, and behaviors interact to influence one another.
- Social-cultural psychologists study how people behave based upon the social groups to which they belong.
- Discoveries in genetics, biology, neuroscience, and neuroimaging have spurred research into how biology, genes, brain structure, and brain function shape behavior.
- No matter the area of specialization, all psychologists rely on the scientific method to advance knowledge and recognize that behavior is influenced by multiple interacting factors.
- Career paths in psychology can follow the multiple subdisciplines that have developed, such as cognitive psychology, neurology, and forensic psychology. Historical and Modern Psychological Perspectives Essay
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